Tibia

 

  1. Upper End
    1. Tibial Plateau

·         Presents two smooth and concave articular facets

·         The medial facet, oval in shape, is slightly concave from side to side, and from front to back.

·         The lateral, nearly circular, is concave from side to side.

·         The central portions of these facets articulate with the condyles of the femur.

·         Their peripheral portions support the menisci of the knee-joint.

·         Between the articular facets, closer to the posterior than the anterior aspect of the bone, are the intercondylar eminences.

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    1. Medial Condyle

·         Presents posteriorly a deep transverse groove, for the insertion of the tendon of the Semimembranosus.

·         Its medial surface is convex, rough, and prominent; it gives attachment to the medial collateral ligament.

 

    1. Lateral Condyle

·         Presents posteriorly a flat articular facet, nearly circular in form, directed downward, backward, and lateral, for articulation with the head of the fibula.

·         Its lateral surface is convex, rough, and prominent in front.

 

    1. Tibial Tubercle

·         The anterior surfaces of the condyles.

·         Attachment of ligamentum patella (patellar tendon)

 

    1. Gerdy’s Tubercle

·         On the lateral condyle is an eminence, situated on a level with the upper border of the tuberosity and at the junction of its anterior and lateral surfaces, for the attachment of the iliotibial band.

 

    1. Intercondylar Tubercles

·         Between the articular facets, closer to the posterior than the anterior aspect of the bone, is the intercondylar eminences

 

  1. Shaft

 

  1. Lower End

 

    1. Fibular Notch

·         The lateral surface presents a triangular rough depression for the attachment of the inferior interosseous ligament connecting it with the fibula.

·         The lower part of this depression is smooth, covered with cartilage and articulates with the fibula.

 

    1. Medial Malleolus

·         The medial surface of this process is convex and subcutaneous.

·         It’s lateral or articular surface is smooth and slightly concave, and articulates with the talus.

·         Its anterior border is rough, for the attachment of the anterior fibers of the deltoid ligament of the ankle-joint.

 

    1. Groove for Tibialis Posterior

·         The posterior border of medial malleolus presents a broad groove.

·         The groove lodges the tendons of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus.